Literature - Essays
The TED Filter
Prologue
"We view the world through rose colored glasses" is a well known saying
that describes how ones perception of the world around him depends upon
his belief system, his past experiences, and his expectations. This
explains how two people can look at the same set of data and draw two
strikingly different conclusions.
I propose the existence of a type of information filter sometimes employed
by humans to perceive the world, which, for no better title will be called
the "Trolinger Expectations and Desires" filter or "TED" for short that
may find some use in the description of human response. First I will
briefly review the mathematics of information and signal processing,
specifically signal filtering for the purpose of improvement and
interpretation. I intentionally use layman's terms to make this
understandable by those who may not have an extensive background in
mathematics.
Any set of information such as a picture or a scenario can be described
mathematically with a series or summation of rather simple mathematical
functions or waves of different amplitude and frequency. The picture may
have in it certain information which is of no use or interest to the
viewer of the picture (for example, the light glaring from the glass
covering the picture). If such information hampers the viewing of the
desired information, it is called noise. Noise is often characterized more
by selected ranges of frequencies. By examining the frequency content of
an image in the so-called frequency domain, the removal of blocks of
frequencies is relatively simple. A frequency filter is set to either
remove or attenuate some of the frequencies that make up the entire image
and its noise. The most common filters remove all of the high frequencies
(the so-called low pass filter) or remove all of the low frequencies,(the
so-called high pass filter).. This sometimes improves an image because
noise is often characterized by high frequency. Specifically, a high pass
filter enhances edges and points of light, while a low pass filter
smoothes these components of the image and blends them into the
background. The low frequency information is quite often of little use and
almost always reduces the contrast of a picture. In general any part of
the frequency spectrum can be removed or attenuated by any amount to
change the overall appearance of the picture. With today's signal and
image processing computers, this can be done quickly while the user looks
on, trying one filter set after the other and searching for an image that
he believes to be improved over the original data set.
White noise is the term for noise which contains every possible frequency
in equal amounts, and is the most difficult noise to remove. In fact white
noise cannot be removed without removing some of the useful information .
Since white noise contains all possible frequencies, it could be said that
it also contains all possible information except that the different
frequencies contained in the information have been attenuated or amplified
so that they constitute equal amounts of the signal. With the proper
filter, one can reverse the attenuation and amplification process to get
any information whatever by filtering the noise.
In modern science, many problems can be solved, not precisely, but with a
high degree of confidence by applying filters that are developed through
the use of what is known as a' priori knowledge, or knowledge that is
already known in advance about the sought after answer which is not given
by a measurement being made or by the formal analysis of the problem. Such
knowledge can often lead to either an approximate answer or a "probably
correct" answer which could not otherwise be derived. Of course, the most
useful a' prior knowledge would be to know the answer in advance by some
magical means. Scientists must be extremely careful in applying a' priori
knowledge because the answer can depend solely on the validity of such
knowledge. The most dangerous a' priori knowledge is incorrect knowledge
or expectations about the answer since such knowledge can either prevent
us from arriving at the correct answer or else cause us to arrive at an
incorrect answer.
When we perceive the world, we pass the information we sense through many
types of filters. Some of these describe the limitations of our senses.
For example, one cannot see a germ on the apple we are eating, even though
the information is present in the optical signal to our eyes. So the
information entering our eyes does not bother us. Other types of filtering
are based on our knowledge or lack of it and previous experience. If we
had seen the apple handled by a dirty hand and if we know that dirty hands
carry germs, then we may perceive the apple as dirty even though it looks
clean to the naked eye. In this context, what is completely understandable
to one person may be unintelligible to another, for example if the second
person does not have the necessary vocabulary to understand certain words.
A word or concept that is not understood for any reason becomes noise. All
interpretation of information based on a misunderstood word or concept
thereafter leads to additional misunderstanding and misinterpretation.
Consider the type of filtering that may happen when one is either
expecting or desiring a particular event. If such a desire or expectation
is extremely strong, then white noise can be perceived to contain the
desired input. I define here as a TED filter, that set of human filters
which can extract desired or expected information from white noise. The
filter is enhanced through prejudices, previous experience or lack
thereof, and training or lack thereof., and the filter is unique for every
individual. In most humans the filter would be expected to grow stronger
and more complex with age, since more experience and prejudice has been
developed. When the filter is place into the information processing train
ones perception of the world can be highly modified. In its strongest form
the TED filter can remove any information which does not support the
desires and/or expectations of the user.
By perceiving the world through a TED filter, we all perceive something
unique to ourselves which is something other than reality (if there be
such a thing). Meaningless (white noise) data filtered through the TED
filter can move us more than data which is specific and clear. The more
meaningless the data input, the more we are likely to perceive what we
desire or expect. This means that we may be affected more by meaningless
data than by meaningful data if our TED filter is operating.
Each of us looks at the world through a different TED filter, which
evolves throughout our lives. Sometimes we filter all incoming information
through the TED filter and others we do not. Individuals who have strong
TED filters and who use them often will convert white noise into nearly
the information desired or expected as long as the filter is in operation.
Just a small part of the white noise actually gets perceived as noise. A
person who learns details of another persons TED filter and cause it to be
implemented can exert power over that person. Once he is sure that the TED
filter is in use, he simply feeds the person a modified white noise, so
that everything the other person sees or hears is meaningful.. He can
cause the other person to hear him in a positive way. A successful
salesman often works in this way.. He will begin by filling the air with
the white noise of his voice. He watches his mark and attempts to analyze,
searching for what gives the mark pleasure. In this way he is analyzing
the persons TED filter. If he succeeds in finding it he can then tell the
other person exactly what he wants to hear, simply by providing white
noise.
The existence of the TED filter in most of us is the reason why double
blind testing is so important in evaluating the effectiveness of drugs or
other treatment of disease or other maladies. When two interacting people
who have conflicting desires or expectations are operating through their
respective TED filters, the results can be embarrassing and even
disastrous. Such TED filters in operation in a boss and his sexy young
secretary are at the heart of many sexual harassment lawsuits. A scientist
with today's computerized signal processing capabilities can easily take
meaningless test results and by applying the correct filters to the noise
produce any result. If the scientist has the expectation, a desire, or a
vested interest in a specific result then he is quite likely to produce
that result from data composed of white noise (the TED filter in action).
The TED filter is not all bad. In fact without some use of such filtering
we could scarcely communicate at all. The noise in almost any
communication makes complete and perfect communication virtually
impossible. A mismatch of vocabularies, a failure to hear each word
perfectly, ambient noise, and inability to always express oneself all
limit the accuracy of communication. Anticipating what the information
about to be received will be can make the process much more efficient,
notwithstanding the danger of misinterpretation. Attempting to get
absolutely all of the information needed for an interpretation from only
the words as they are being communicated is extremely difficult. So one
needs to have a good idea what is about to be communicated in order to get
the communication. So the TED filter is both important for efficient
communication and dangerous .
By recognizing the existence of the TED filter, its necessity, and its
danger, we can improve our communication significantly and raise the
reliability of our research. Double blind testing is just one of the
methods for mitigating the effects of the TED filter on our conclusions.
At any point in a communication where a word, concept, or observation is
not totally understood, we should stop long enough to look up the word or
ask the meaning or to get clarity on the material. Ever time we pass over
such a point, our understanding for the entire remaining part of the
communication is damaged. We should always test incoming information for
noise. We should always attempt to get important communications restated
in different words and require the two ways of saying the same thing to
correlate. We should always ask questions when important communications
are underway, even if we think the communication is clear. We should
always listen carefully to questions being asked to make sure they reflect
what the questioner should be asking. We should attempt to understand the
characteristics of our own TED filter and see how much our conclusions are
based on the filter. This calls for opinions of others who get the same
inputs of information. Finally we should always recognize that the other
party may be listening through his TED filter.
Communication with a Stranger
I had just boarded the plane for Columbia and was feeling good because I
had managed to bump up to first class. Then she took the seat beside me,
the most gorgeous young lady I had ever seen. As she sat down, she looked
at me and smiled the kind of smile that has a way of telling you that she
has a special link to you in the universe, that you know her, and that you
both have something important to share. I thought to myself, "My first
communication with her must be clear, concise, meaningful, understood, and
enjoyable."
I ask myself "Does she speak English?, Does she know all of the words I am
about to use and will she interpret them in the same way as I do? Do I
even know what it is that I want to communicate to her or what I want to
accomplish with such communication? Can she hear my words? Does she want
to hear my words.? Will she hear what I want her to hear? What does she
want to hear?
So I said to her "That is such a beautiful ring you are wearing"..
She looked at me once again through that wonderful smile and I began to
feel good. But then our space was filled with eons of silence. I ask
myself again. "Does she speak English?, Does she know all of the words I
said and did she interpret them in the same way as I did? What did I want
to communicate to her or what did I want to accomplish with such
communication? Did she hear my words? Did she want to hear my words.? Will
she hear what I wanted her to hear? What did she want to hear?"
And finally she spoke to me in extremely broken English with a strong
Spanish accent. She said "I adore your look. I would like very much to bed
tonight with you and do anything to make your trip to Columbia the most
wonderful place and erotic experience you could ever have?"
"Oh my God!", I thought. "How well does she speak English?, Does she know
all of the words she said and did she interpret them in the same way as I
did? What did she want to communicate to me and what did she want to
accomplish with such communication? Did I truly hear the words she spoke
or did my desires make me hear what I wanted to hear.? Did I hear what she
wanted me to hear? What did she want me to hear?
I sat for eons struggling to shape my response to her last communication.
By now I began to doubt what I had heard. Attempting to run back over her
exact words, I struggled to remember each word and realized that I could
not. I began to wonder who this woman might be. What if she was the
girlfriend of a jealous Colombian drug lord? I recalled the movie in which
the Colombian drug lord hunts down a seducer and burns him alive after
cutting off all of his privates and presenting them to the girl friend. Or
maybe she is a spy. Could she be a prostitute. Maybe, by god, she does
love the way I look. Maybe I remind her of her father.
For the rest of our trip our communication was extremely limited. I could
not figure out how to best respond. Each of us seemed to be waiting on the
other to communicate. I attempted to speak to her in Spanish. I went
through the same series of communications. Again, I heard her say in
Spanish that she would like to spend the night with me and do anything to
provide me with an erotic experience. Again I sat for eons attempting to
remember the precise translation of certain Spanish words to English. I
was almost relieved to have the movie remove the need for me to continue
the conversation. After the movie, she slept.
When we arrived in Bogota, she looked at me once more and smiled as the
plane touched down. "Well, what is your reply to my proposition?, she
asked.
"I am totally confident that you can make my stay erotic, and I hope I can
figure out exactly how to interpret what it is you have proposed to me." I
answered.
She smiled and said just one word. "Yes".
As the plane pulled up to the gate, my heart raced. What should I do. I
decided to stay close enough to her to see who if anyone would meet her.
As we walked through the gate into the reception area,. And sure enough.
As soon as she entered the reception area, she was greeted by two children
and a very handsome man.
She turned to see where I was and immediately called me over. At that
point she introduced me to her children and her husband.
To this day I do not know what it was she was attempting to communicate to
me on the airplane. But one thing quickly became clear. What she said was
not what I thought it was.